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Cross-Sectional Associations Between Mothers and Children's Breakfast Routine-The Feel4Diabetes-Study.

GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria. Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece. Medical Faculty St. Cyril and Methodius, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia. University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia. Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria. Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece.

Nutrients. 2021;(3)
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Abstract

Positive influences of family members have been associated with a high probability of children's daily breakfast consumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to scrutinize the association of breakfast routines between mothers and their children. The baseline data of the Feel4Diabetes-study was obtained in 9760 children (49.05% boys)-mother pairs in six European countries. A parental self-reported questionnaire gauging the frequency of breakfast consumption and of breakfast´ foods and beverages consumption was used. Agreement in routines of mothers and their children's breakfast consumption was analyzed in sex-specific crosstabs. The relationship of breakfast routine and food groups' consumption between mothers and their children was assessed with analysis of covariance. The highest proportion of children who always consumed breakfast were those whose mothers always consumed it. Children consuming breakfast regularly had a higher intake of milk or unsweetened dairy products and all kind of cereal products (low fiber and whole-grain) than occasional breakfast consumers (p < 0.05). The strong similarity between mothers and children suggests a transfer of breakfast routine from mothers to their children, as a high proportion of children who usually consume breakfast were from mothers also consuming breakfast. All breakfast foods and beverages consumption frequencies were similar between children and their mothers.